Nuclear Reactor

Nuclear reactor technology

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Core of CROCUS, a small nuclear reactor used for research at the EPFL in Switzerland.

This article is a subarticle of Nuclear power.

A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion.

The most significant use of nuclear reactors is as an energy source for the generation of electrical power (see Nuclear power) and for the power in some ships (see Nuclear marine propulsion). This is usually accomplished by methods that involve using heat from the nuclear reaction to power steam turbines. There are also other less common uses as discussed below.

Contents

[hide]

• 1 How it works
  • 1.1 Reactor
    • 1.1.1 Fission
    • 1.1.2 Heat Generation
    • 1.1.3 Cooling
    • 1.1.4 Reactivity control
  • 1.2 Electrical power generation
• 2 Components
• 3 The people in a nuclear power plant
• 4 Reactor types
  • 4.1 Classifications
    • 4.1.1 Classification by type of nuclear reaction
    • 4.1.2 Classification by moderator material
    • 4.1.3 Classification by coolant
    • 4.1.4 Classification by generation
    • 4.1.5 Classification by phase of fuel
    • 4.1.6 Classification by use
  • 4.2 Current technologies
  • 4.3 Future and developing technologies
    • 4.3.1 Advanced reactors
    • 4.3.2 Generation IV reactors
    • 4.3.3 Generation V+ reactors
    • 4.3.4 Fusion reactors
• 5 Nuclear fuel cycle
  • 5.1 Fueling of nuclear reactors
• 6 Safety
• 7 History - Early reactors
• 8 Natural nuclear reactors
• 9 See also
• 10 References
• 11 External links

Literature :
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nuclear Reactor

Nuclear reactor technology

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Nuclear reactor)

Jump to: navigation, search

Core of CROCUS, a small nuclear reactor used for research at the EPFL in Switzerland.

This article is a subarticle of Nuclear power.

A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear bomb, in which the chain reaction occurs in a fraction of a second and is uncontrolled causing an explosion.

The most significant use of nuclear reactors is as an energy source for the generation of electrical power (see Nuclear power) and for the power in some ships (see Nuclear marine propulsion). This is usually accomplished by methods that involve using heat from the nuclear reaction to power steam turbines. There are also other less common uses as discussed below.

Contents

[hide]

• 1 How it works
  • 1.1 Reactor
    • 1.1.1 Fission
    • 1.1.2 Heat Generation
    • 1.1.3 Cooling
    • 1.1.4 Reactivity control
  • 1.2 Electrical power generation
• 2 Components
• 3 The people in a nuclear power plant
• 4 Reactor types
  • 4.1 Classifications
    • 4.1.1 Classification by type of nuclear reaction
    • 4.1.2 Classification by moderator material
    • 4.1.3 Classification by coolant
    • 4.1.4 Classification by generation
    • 4.1.5 Classification by phase of fuel
    • 4.1.6 Classification by use
  • 4.2 Current technologies
  • 4.3 Future and developing technologies
    • 4.3.1 Advanced reactors
    • 4.3.2 Generation IV reactors
    • 4.3.3 Generation V+ reactors
    • 4.3.4 Fusion reactors
• 5 Nuclear fuel cycle
  • 5.1 Fueling of nuclear reactors
• 6 Safety
• 7 History - Early reactors
• 8 Natural nuclear reactors
• 9 See also
• 10 References
• 11 External links

Literature :
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ACTINIDES

Category:Actinides

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Actinides

The actinides encompasses the 15 chemical elements that lie between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table. They are metals.

Subcategories

This category has the following 2 subcategories, out of 2 total.

P

• [+] Protactinium (1)

U

• [+] Uranium (5)

Pages in category "Actinides"

The following 43 pages are in this category, out of 43 total. This list may sometimes be slightly out of date (learn more)

* Actinoid A Actinides in the environment Actinium Americium Americium-242 Americium-243 Ausonium B Berkelium C Californium Curium E Einsteinium F Fermium L Lawrencium M Major actinides literature : Nuclear-fuel-Wikipedia,the free ancyclopedia.

M cont. Mendelevium Minor actinide N Neptunium Nobelium Nuclear fuel Nuclear fuel cycle Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents P Plutonium Plutonium-238 Plutonium-239 Plutonium-240 Plutonium-241 Post Irradiation Examination Protactinium R Reprocessed uranium

S Spent nuclear fuel T Thorium Thorium fuel cycle Thorium-230 Thorium-231 Thorium-232 Thorium-234 U Uranium Uranium-232 Uranium-233 Uranium-234 Uranium-235 Uranium-236 Uranium-238

Nuclear Chemistry

Category:Nuclear chemistry

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Chemistry portal

The main article for this category is Nuclear chemistry.

Subcategories

This category has the following 7 subcategories, out of 7 total.

[+] Nuclear chemists (0) F [+] Fission products (0)

I [+] Isotopes (13) N [+] Nuclear fusion (1) [+] Nuclear magnetic resonance (2)

R [+] Radioactivity (8) [+] Radiochemistry (0)

Pages in category "Nuclear chemistry"

The following 47 pages are in this category, out of 47 total. This list may sometimes be slightly out of date (learn more)

* Nuclear chemistry A Actinide concept Actinides in the environment Atomic Energy Research Establishment Atomic mass unit Atomic nucleus B Band of stability Biological half-life C Chemical shift Chernobyl compared to other radioactivity releases Cold fission Common beta emitters Commonly-used gamma emitting isotopes D Decay energy Decay product

E Electron capture Environmental radioactivity F FLiNaK Fission product Fission product yield Fission products (by element) Fluoride volatility Fuel element failure G Gas centrifuge H Helion (chemistry) I Institute for Transuranium Elements Isotope L List of important publications in chemistry Long-lived fission product M Mass excess Mass number Literature : Nuclear-fuel-Wikipedia,the free ancyclopedia.

N Nuclear fallout Nuclear fission Nuclear fuel Nuclear fuel cycle Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents Nuclear fusion Nuclear transmutation O Oddo-Harkins rule P PUREX Post Irradiation Examination R Radiation chemistry Radiochemistry Radium and radon in the environment S Solvated electron Spent nuclear fuel T Thorium fuel cycle

Pages in category "Nuclear reprocessing"

Pages in category "Nuclear reprocessing"

The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total.

This list may sometimes be slightly out of date (learn more)

Nuclear reprocessing B205 C CANFLEX COGEMA La Hague site Clab F Fluoride volatility G Geomelting I Institute for Transuranium Elements Literature Nuclear-fuel-Wikipedia,the free ancyclopedia.

M MOX fuel Mayak N Novouralsk Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System Nuclear fuel Nuclear fuel cycle Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents PUREX P Post Irradiation Examination

R Reprocessed uranium Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant Rokkasho, Aomori S Sellafield Spent nuclear fuel T Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant Thorium fuel cycle W West Valley Reprocessing Plant

Pages in category "Nuclear reprocessing"

Pages in category "Nuclear reprocessing"

The following 25 pages are in this category, out of 25 total. This list may sometimes be slightly out of date (learn more)

Nuclear reprocessing B B205 C CANFLEX COGEMA La Hague site Clab F Fluoride volatility G Geomelting I Institute for Transuranium Elements

M MOX fuel Mayak N Novouralsk Nuclear Fuel Cycle Information System Nuclear fuel Nuclear fuel cycle Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents PUREX P Post Irradiation Examination

R Reprocessed uranium Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant Rokkasho, Aomori S Sellafield Spent nuclear fuel T Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant Thorium fuel cycle W West Valley Reprocessing Plant

Science of Nuclear, nuclear fuel

Science of Nuclear, nuclear fuel

Nuclear fuel is any material that can be consumed to derive nuclear energy, by analogy to chemical fuel that is burned to derive energy. By far the most common type of nuclear fuel is heavy fissile elements that can be made to undergo nuclear fission chain reactions in a nuclear fission reactor; nuclear fuel in a nuclear fuel cycle can refer to the material or to physical objects (for example fuel bundles composed of fuel rods) composed of the fuel material, perhaps mixed with structural, neutron moderating, or neutron reflecting materials. The most common fissile nuclear fuels are 235U and 239Pu, and the actions of mining, refining, purifying, using, and ultimately disposing of these elements together make up the nuclear fuel cycle, which is important for its relevance to nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons. Not all nuclear fuels are used in fission chain reactions. For example, 238Pu and some other elements are used to produce small amounts of nuclear power by radioactive decay in radiothermal generators, and other atomic batteries. Light isotopes such as 3H (tritium) are used as fuel for nuclear fusion. If one looks at binding energy of specific isotopes, there can be an energy gain from fusing most elements with a lower atomic number than iron, and fissioning isotopes with a higher atomic number than iron.

Internal links and references of Nuclear Fuel.

1 Oxide fuel

• UOX

• 1.2 MOX

2 Metal fuel

• 2.1 TRIGA fuel

• 2.2 Actinide Fuel

3 Less common chemical forms

• 3.1 Ceramic fuels

• 3.1.1 Uranium nitride

• 3.1.2 Uranium carbide

3.2 Liquid fuels

• 3.2.1 Molten anhydrous salts

• 3.2.2 Aqueous solutions of uranyl salts

4 Common physical forms of nuclear fuel

• PWR fuel

• 4.2 BWR fuel

• 4.3 CANDU fuel

5 Less common fuel forms

• 5.1 TRISO fuel

• 5.2 QUADRISO fuel

• 5.3 RBMK fuel

• 5.4 CerMet fuel

• 5.5 Plate type fuel

6 Spent nuclear fuel

• 6.1 Oxide fuel under accident conditions

7 Fuel behavior and post irradiation examination (PIE)

8 Radioisotope decay fuels

• 8.1 Radioisotope battery

• 8.2 Radioisotope thermoelectric generators

• 8.3 Radioisotope heater units (RHU)

9 Fusion fuels

• 9.1 First generation fusion fuel

• 9.2 Second generation fusion fuel

• 9.3 Third generation fusion fuel

10 See also

11 External links and references

• 11.1 PWR fuel

• 11.2 BWR fuel

• 11.3 CANDU fuel

Literature

Nuclear fuel-Wikipedia, the free ancyclopedia.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel"

Categories: Nuclear fuels | Nuclear reprocessing | Nuclear technology | Nuclear chemistry | Actinides.

Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since August 2008

Nuclear Technologi, science, fuel, power, fission reactor by moderator, Weaponand waste

Science		Physics · Fission · Fusion · Radiation (ionizing) · Nucleus · Safety · Chemistry · Engineering
Fuels		Fertile material · Thorium · Uranium (enriched • depleted) · Plutonium · Deuterium · Tritium · Isotope separation
Power		Reactor technology · Economics · Propulsion (rocket) · Fusion · Isotope thermoelectric (RTG)
Fission reactors by moderator	Water Pressurized (PWR) · Boiling (BWR) · Supercritical (SCWR) · Heavy (CANDU) · PHWR carbon Pebble bed (PBMR) · Very high temperature (VHTR) · RBMK · Magnox · AGR Li / Be Molten salt (MSR) None (Fast) Breeder (FBR) · Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR) · Integral (IFR) · SSTAR Generation IV (Gas (GFR) · Lead (LFR) · Sodium (SFR))
Medical	Imaging	Positron emission (PET) · Single photon emission (SPECT) · Gamma camera · X-rays
	Therapy	Radiation therapy · Tomotherapy · Proton · Brachytherapy · Boron neutron capture (BNCT)
Weapons	Topics Lists	History · Design · War · Race · Explosion (effects) · Testing (underground) · Delivery · Proliferation · Yield (TNTe) · In popular culture States with nuclear weapons · Nuclear tests · Nuclear weapons
Waste	Disposal Types	Fuel cycle · Spent fuel (pool • cask) · Repository · Reprocessing · Transmutation Reprocessed uranium • Isotopes of plutonium · Minor actinide · Fission product (LLFP) · Activation product
Literature Nuclear fuel-Wikipedia, the free ancyclopedia. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" Categories: Nuclear fuels | Nuclear reprocessing | Nuclear technology | Nuclear chemistry | Actinides Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since August 2008

NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY, science, fuels, power, fission reactors by moderator, medical.

[hide] v • d • e Nuclear technology
Science	Physics · Fission · Fusion · Radiation (ionizing) · Nucleus · Safety · Chemistry · Engineering
Fuels	Fertile material · Thorium · Uranium (enriched • depleted) · Plutonium · Deuterium · Tritium · Isotope separation
Power	Reactor technology · Economics · Propulsion (rocket) · Fusion · Isotope thermoelectric (RTG)
Fission reactors by moderator
Medical
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